also commonly known as Brown Fused Alumina, is an artificial abrasive produced by fusing high-quality bauxite (the primary raw material) with small additions of carbonaceous materials in an electric arc furnace at very high temperatures (typically above 2000°C) and then cooling the melt to form crystalline masses. Its principal chemical component is Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃), typically ranging from 94.5% to 97%. The remaining constituents are minor impurities like Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂), Iron Oxide (Fe₂O₃), and Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂), which give BFA its characteristic brown color.

BFA is renowned for its high hardness (Mohs scale 9), excellent toughness, good thermal stability, and chemical inertness. It offers greater toughness than White Fused Alumina (WFA) but is slightly less hard. These properties make it the predominant abrasive grain used in the manufacture of bonded abrasives (grinding wheels, segments), coated abrasives (sandpaper, sanding belts, discs), and non-woven abrasives for grinding, cutting, and polishing a wide range of materials including metals, wood, stone, and composites. Beyond abrasives, BFA is also widely used in refractory applications (castables, ramming mixes, bricks), blasting media for surface preparation (cleaning, descaling, peening), functional fillers, and wear-resistant components.